Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Abstract Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, humans. has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing pollutants contributing the bioaccumulation of pollutants, particularly in marine ecosystems, organisms, subsequently food webs. The inevitable exposure microplastic humans emphasises need review potential effects, pathways, toxicity toward human health. Therefore, this was aimed reveal risks pollutant sorption humans, well dominant types sorbed microplastic, that are bioaccumulated living organisms ecosystem. possible factors influencing ecosystems were reviewed. revealed prevailing abundance geographical distribution aquatic environment globally. literature characteristics, chemical interactions, water properties played a role microplastic. evidence posing direct medical threat is still lacking albeit substantial health hazards microplastic-associated monomers, additives, pollutants. This recommends future research on existing knowledge gaps research, which include